Thank you Debbie. That's that he said that it is a family business. My father found it forty years ago and he started from scratch and created this paper with his ation but we'll get into that a little right or read a bit about me in the few the proud native Atlantans born and raised here actually not far from where we're standing and I've been in the industry for time for fifteen years and if anybody's involved in the family business. You know you enter that business at both it comes home at night if you want to see your father or mother or whoever's in the business you've got to get to the business to see it. So I've been around it. My entire life and it's been an interesting trip and as deadly said I did start from the bottom. Literally my first job was actually knocking down drywall in an office building on Peachtree Street. One of my cohorts taught me how to run through the rock walls and missed the studs was not a fun second job as a groundskeeper and I suddenly moved my way up and I literally have held ever almost every position when I wouldn't say from the ground up and we'll talk a little bit more about that. How important I feel that doing that process. Starting at the bottom and working your way up. I have a bad science school in construction. From southern tack. So I can relate to some of the classes I'll take not often and read and study said where the builders were developers first round. Writers we do it on some. Matter so a few of us left in the way that being able to do everything in-house as a privately held company right. Getting to the fun stuff I start with the RIAA feel so important. Started to bottom out when you get down from here you are going to offer jobs no doubt about it at a fantastic school. You know it's real when our jobs are to be offered not necessarily entry level jobs as I see it it's not me picking up cigarette butts on a property can be offered somewhere about that it's important I feel it's very important to understand what the person thinking of the server about every day because if you're going to be responsible. Don't take that is literally as it sounds because you might not have anybody here in the company that picks up a cigarette. But if you're going to be asked to manage that person you have to know that person's job and you have to take everybody's job be able to read up into what you do but it's probably one of the most profound things I've learned over the years is that I've dealt with a lot of people that ended up in middle management that have never had jobs grow that and they're telling all these people what to do and that person is NO idea what that person is supposed to be doing because they've never had that job many ways to figure out what that person has without having a job but it's just very important to do so. So you can make your own decisions as to how to better. Whatever it is you're doing. If you're going to be a general contractor you need to know how your subs do their job. I was happy managing checking their work if you don't know what they're supposed to be doing. I mean you're probably hear me say that a few times today because just I'm a product of it and I think it worked well but I also think that is probably one of the things society misses in life and one of the things that lot about Georgia Tech is they either require or recommend strongly let you go get a job during the summers are going to have to augment the educational process. Debbie gave me a list of questions because I was kind of like I would like to talk about here you have are probably in your teens and twenties and you get a smack of your system every bit older than that but you know you go through life and you learn things but how do you sit down and talk about which it's actually more complicated than I thought but the key things that I have known one of them being when I was in school was a lot of projects worked with teens but it typically ended up where one person really got a lot of work and a bass kind of tagging are all right well it's got leadership and that's how leadership and falls over time but it's when you get into the work environment working your way up was one of the most important things because it's not all about the leadership and who's in charge not stuff but if you get your team on the same page to do a project. Whatever it may be you're not going to get anywhere. That's the first thing that you're batting heads and I haven't all inevitably the guy who has the ability to give you that promotion. If you say I could but he has with you I'm going to give you promotion. So teamwork is kind of the crux of everything in the business environment. If you can't work in a team environment anyway to be a leader which is obviously what we all want to be a great follower. That's OK to everybody can't be the leader so experience has taught me how important is that to be able to deal with all types. You know you've got to be able to do the dolly. All the way from the Dalai Lama can see right in that meeting him one day I'll go back to the guy picking up cigarette butts you have to be able to deal with different cultures you have to really deal with every different race different sex different every Thanks Rob different around the edges and you got to be able to take all that and make it work to your advantage. So that way that is a huge thing that I the other thing I lined is that school that everything is a crucial piece of rebuilding Iraq and how you're going to be it teaches you how to find things at a frank how to work with others right is taught in a classroom is very is it's not very different but it's very it is very different from what happens in the real world. You're in an isolated scenario in a school environment school has dicey like you because we don't have the resources to throw you into a job and monitor you while you're working on a job just how it works around how families are really put together in the here and help all the different aspects of everything you've learned throughout your life comes together. And if you're one of the people that are fortunate enough to work on enough time you start to get that feel. Yeah I will miss in school but this is not what they're doing out here. One of my favorites is some business classes I taught they say well here's the textbook of how you do it. This is how you get through and do a budget or you do a business model and I don't want anything like what I did in school but what you learned in school gave you the ability to go from what you know in school today are very very quickly versus having one have process. So really teaching out of the real world works which there is no textbook on that it's kind of I know this is probably the most everybody who hears it's like parenting mission a textbook preparing you figured out as you go rock is no different. Life is no different. You just take the pieces that you can relate to the different function your life and try to apply it to actually trying to kind of push another thing I learned from this is from the family business. I have I'm going to work for my father two things went through my head. Ron writes us is great. I got the leg up on that company on up and running and some that the other flip side is it's my father's company and I got to see my father every day. What I wanted and it took me a lot of this I did not want to miss the first day on my job is even though it was my father he wasn't going to give me a job because what my last name was I had on it and I had to work quite as hard as the next guy around that same position because I was assigned in the I guess the battle to that story. I don't care what anybody tells you you have to own it how you want that it's a whole separate discussion but you have to own everything. There's no give me source no handouts in the real world and it's you got to get in there and dig and you got to be wrong to do the dirty work. Don't be one of the fallacies I see with a lot of my generation when they came out of college educated person. I don't I can go ask somebody else to do that. I don't need to do it. My philosophy is if you're willing to ask somebody else to do something you better be willing to do it yourself because that person might not be there tomorrow. You might have to do it but it also shows that I'm not asking you because I think you're beneath me recession because I got to do these other things that that battle speak volumes if you were to write doing that. You know even to this day. Well I'm the chairman and I don't have to worry about some of the nit picking stuff I dealt with hiring somebody that was I guess threat levels but one of the other day and I said Why do you wear that he's a person I'm a person. It's important to me this is a company it's more than making money and I'm going to get in there in a way it's very very important that everybody around she sees that over time we'll get into companies big or small when you have that person sitting out there that's got to get it's like that's beneath me and you also see that that person can be a lot more except successful if they didn't take that attitude because people would be willing to do more for them. You know back to the kind of cover that having been here I understand all aspects that is you know everybody's job from start to finish especially Can you not know every nuance but a. When you can do bad. You are going to be much better position to make good judgment calls into decisions because you're going to die all the ramifications of what you're doing the next thing I see by me questions about anything and you have got to stop me both things happening where I don't bother me to have questions or comments as we go to the next thing I want to talk about as mentors. I had my father as a mentor which my father did a lot of great things and he was a decent mentor cracked one of the things I found that hampered me in doing that is I got one. If you with thanks and only one here. I was I had one mentor who was my father routed me most about him because I lived with my entire life. Second thing is I'm working with him so I have no outside exposure and he took me a lot of worry about. Finally I need to deal with people not only outside of the company but outside of our industry because there's no one individual that is an expert on all the topics you're going to address in whatever you do in life you have to get the full exposure because ultimately if you're successful you're going to be one of the top making decisions in with the exposures of multi disciplines and different people. You're not going to have the information needed to make that decision. So it gives you a much broader perspective of the pieces to the puzzle but you've got to add in one other thing with the different mentors I found his and my father was a very expansionary person keep expenses Spence's down never really talked about revenue. Talked about expenses. Well you know what revenue is pretty important and without the revenue I don't care what your expenses are you're not making any money. You know you've got to find that balance and I'll tell you it's difficult to find a balance a mentor say the people that are willing to commit the time to you and I know when I started and you know what I was working for I don't even know you know what different aspects. I want to but I'll tell you if you think you want to be find a G.C. mentor find a finance mentor and find some as marketing basically but that relates to as a business person a marketing person and somebody specific to what you do if you can find those three you'll be able to do anything if you listen and it's in the persons of quality obviously the quality of the person is crucial. So you get you just got to start the process now you come across people today that you will want to spend some time with help me around with X.Y.Z. in five years from now you say you know right. I doubt Brown the person I want to tell a different direction. I need to replace that person mentor sure it's very important mentorship comes in very different films for different people. Sometimes it's just too bad you sit there at night drinking a couple beers talking about crazy stuff you come up with some really great ideas sometimes it's that gray haired guy who's seventy years old and has created a billion dollar company just kind of feel your way through it. Any questions on the worse next topic is challenging. Challenges Rewards of entrepreneurship. I guess the overall picture of entrepreneurship is make it real well it's not showing up enough and I mean you there isn't a between right but you're doing a lot taking a lot of risks for the right. There's got to kind of manage you've got to kind of decide inside yourself if you're an entrepreneur or not it's not your career is a risk taker you're taking everything you have and putting on the line to try to create something you believe in and the risks are huge and I will tell you the way to better. I believe in entrepreneurship. I think it's the greatest thing as I say some size back but not everybody is cut out for it. Not everybody has the ability to do it. It's entrepreneurship really takes it goes back to mentors it's not a doesn't want to be a trooper entrepreneur you cannot just be OK I'm a software designer and I got this great products I'm going to market with. Well you got to build do a business to do that you have to do marketing to do that. So you can be the best engineer in the round in fail as an entrepreneur a perfect example today of failed entrepreneurs is home builders and I'm not talking about the credit markets and all this other stuff I'm talking. I just bought a house. So I've been running through the process on my third builder now. But what they do there's a lot of builders out there today that build a one hundred. Product but they have no idea how to manage a business if they would just take the time to partner up with somebody that knows about business because these guys don't have a creative type they don't want to be with us. But the business guy I gather. Everybody wants more you have the other side of Homebuilders where they know about the business and they just try to cut corners I would I can't increase their profits and then their customers mad at them and they go out of business a lot of the big challenges of becoming an entrepreneur is today's market value as well as capital. It takes money to do it. You can't just start receiving and create something off I mean it doesn't necessarily mean you have to have one hundred million dollars in the bank account to be an entrepreneur. It could be a few thousand dollars but you have to have some capital and a big part of entrepreneurship is managing risk in my world of apartments. Every time we're going to deal whether it's a development deal or an acquisition we have to say I'm going to have to put X. amount of dollars then is it worth my risk an effort at the end of the bag to do this deal. And if I run out of it is not quantifiable it's a gut check. Take this risk of raising X. amount of dollars on the table rocking away from it or actually losing more than what I'm putting on the table to begin with one of the things you can do to help manage risk in the entrepreneur environment is systems and processes and what I mean by that is there's a lot of things will be humans have to make judgment calls about in business. Computer can't do it for you. You can hire it out to consultants and everything else but there's just a lot of decisions humans have to make it if you take those processes and apply them to all the things that are Monday in routine like you know approach a solar system where it's done the same way every time you don't need to think about the process create that process and the time I like the model I like use is manufacturing model. Whatever you can throw into manufacturing model throw it in there put it on the back of the back shelf because you're after updated every now and again but put it away and worry and take your time and effort on the things that matter creating revenue creating concepts and selling the product. Whatever the item may be and the other part of the main engine the rest that I want to my father's mistakes I was lucky I had added advantage. Stick with what you know too many times I see companies fail because you know let's just say they were in they built industrial plants. Well they said I'm in a good place for twenty years I got it down. I'll do some different. So I start to see a family business. There are some similarities between it but they're completely different. It's a different sub-S. it's a different knowledge base is a different product base there is much more that's different than some of your financing is different. Over the last four years our company has been in apartments which we're still running. That's where what we've always done we've done many stories we've done shopping centers. We serve laptop computers. I mean you name it we've done it but I want to. Truly successful we haven't lost a lot on any of it but then I want to truly been successful as apartments because we understand it. So it's very important to stick with what she can run environment and that's where we bring in other people that are experts in those areas to help you with that piece and it's right now to talk a lot about my father because he said he was a and I kind of know the industry but he he was a graduate from Georgia Tech mechanical engineer. He worked in Apex supply. He had air conditioning and I think that building when he finally dabble in a little bit was pretty good with his hands and everything so he figured out how to do it and then he said I'm paying somebody else to manage my assets myself and I doing that where he was smart this instead of trying to do it himself he hired someone to do it had some of that I was an employee was an expert at managing partner and so on and so forth. That's how the game is kind of played and that's where it's hard not to think you're an expert of everything because if anybody in here has met so light as an expert in everything I love to know the names I'd love to meet them. I've never met that person may not exist but they have not. It's just there's too much to know about discipline in the news to try to do the multi-discipline wanted to vidual I mean it's possibly that we have three companies where an operator builder or developer also an owner so you can say there's four companies really but they all want to find the same type of doing with the. Same thing on the dairy gave me a run. That's one of my favorite topics especially sitting here at six o'clock at night when I have a wife and two kids and I don't know how to balance work social family live work play type of scenario. I'm thirty eight years old and I'm just starting to figure it out. I mean it's hard it's really hard but it takes a very strong individual high energy to actually do it to make it to the kids baseball games and soccer games plus you know be productive and also keep the wife happy or the husband half a day. It's a it's it's one of the hardest things I have had to especially considering all of us are at. So most people in this room are saying and it's I worry about myself I have to write about emails and you spend most of your life that way and then you flip a switch and you're married and that's what you have kids and you're working. So different environment and the reality is I don't think there's a complete right now I have I know a lot of people that have decided you know what family and social is the most important to me. So as long as I make X. amount of dollars. I'm really happy and I'm going to move on when you have the other extreme. I want the fifty million dollars in the bank account. So I'm going to have to give up some of the family stuff that the other guy found important and I grew up in an environment where my father worked eighty ninety hours a week. I didn't see him suffer right before bedtime about the only time I got to see him he created something with his life and he somehow raised us to understand freedom from values and that's that's where the. It's comes in to play. I love that doesn't have to be mutually exclusive. It has to be understood that I might go life is to make a lot of money but I want a family. So how do I do that you can't do it. You can't be ultra successful in Russia lucky and win the lottery or invent something that nobody's ever invented for you're not going to be you're not going to have the ability to make tons and tons of money without putting in the time there is a relationship there. It's a little easier today where you can work from home but you're still going to spend time away from the house and it's just you got to take those breaks even if you want to be the billionaire you have to take breaks in line with your family to deal with the social or whatever because if you have one without the other it's not a lot of fun but the reality is to be ultra successful you're going to spend less time with your family but you can work and work so less now than in the last year I have a five year old kid. Yes but I go home at five o'clock every day and I get back to the office and seven but at least I get to come home with my kids or my wife and spend quality time with them and you know have a drink whatever the case may be whatever I want to do I can do that and still go back and do what I need to do. It's it's about a fish and sea of time and working in the process and really understanding what you want what's important here. What's not in there's nothing Whitney anywhere that everybody's got to make a fortune and as we all know the reality is not everybody does. It's got to decide in yourself what is more important. If you like both of them find the balance and I'm not happy. We do make a lot of money but you are going to spend quality time with your family. Yes you're right you're right. One of my favorite questions now. Absolutely not. If anything they are flat to down. I'm sorry. The question rise since the housing crisis has our occupancy gone up and about the family sector the answer is No it is flat or down almost across the board but not everywhere. There are some places that have gone up and the reason is is all these houses and condos that are not sold are now winter's that's one piece which we call the shadow market that is now a competition I wasn't there six months or a year ago. So we have more competition than the other thing we're finding is what Along with this housing crisis that went on. We're having you know expenses are up people have lost money. You know to pay for their weight or anything else for that matter. So they doubling up tripling up moving back home. So your question is great because when this was all starting as an industry I think we got really excited. We were like OK coming back out. Yeah that's what we were like that but the reality was it was not a because it was all this product on the market but did not sell here. So we have to set a lot of those are now when I was in our capital. Yes I repeat the question the money we invest I had a question was on capital investments and deals with how do we expect to get his return. I mean you're asking the wrong guy. I expect that the roof. You know I've heard I think that most people were looking first price seven percent ten percent return with the exception. You know that's the private sector. Now you have the hedge funds and all those guys that were shooting for twelve thirteen fifteen percent which actually yeah you can give them those were times but then the deal actually doesn't work but when you have a seven to ten percent. We're trying to day's market. You know what the way I personally look as I try to compare it to if I had that money and I had it in the stock market. Not this week or last week I had a stock market. What kind of turn could I make every time and it traditionally had been about seven percent. You could guarantee it would go up to twelve percent or down to five but your average was somewhere around seven percent and that's where that number drives from today. I think really to accept five percent as compared to what else I can do with my money. It's always a balance of if I didn't invest in this project. What would I do with that money elsewhere and we have to balance the risk with a piece of it and I'm going to take that risk versus taking my mattress and we're not growing at all which obviously I'm in the business I am so that's kind of where the US. Well more or less I did I mean I want to be a contraction like the frog went to the back of the family to college if I wanted to come to that Mary Madison I kind of looked and how when I was going to school when I didn't get then I did it out pretty quickly and that my back up was construction and my actual plan was to go work somewhere else for a five year period of time which for you guys and family business whoever the family members in the company that's probably the one time rockets coming off a benefit to go work so much. I did not do that and I think it's very important because you end up in a glass house you know what I mean outside but yeah I pretty much knew I was at some point whether it was right out of college or something down the road. I wish I really wish I would've taken at least five years elsewhere doing whatever but I got the phone call from bad saying yeah I know that's what we agreed to but to that I need you. Today which is there's always a story of why they need you today. I mean really serious water fire that we have but if we have site managers that obviously just deal with that proper I mean we have a we you know a company called regional managers that have two thousand and three thousand units in the portfolio college degree. We have not required but when I started in this business. We had zero point zero college graduates. In our company people that had college degrees did not want to get into our business. Most of the armed people came from in college living in an apartment I need to make a few extra bucks. Only some units and I just stuck with it. That's where most of our waste came back and today we're at where I'm actually I'm going to start tracking that exact thing does a cut. How does a college degree of fact performance out of the job and there's another lady that I know that has a similar company Doris that has tracked that for the last two years and she has seen a significant difference in performance positive. There's a positive part of this part of the reason is this. It's a very complicated business to understand you know we have a system. You know we're very computer driven you've got to understand finances you got to understand maintenance you had understand building construction but understand rather awful weather in the valley maybe like yeah. Here's how the process works. Basically a property manager on site is down for our company managing between a ten and fifteen million dollar asset their responsibility they you know with and play matters of budget not policies or procedures they are control no different than a franchise. Well there's differences I should say there's no difference. There's minimal differences. So they can then you know when we get to the budget process the way we do it is the first budget is created on site. We don't tell me you tell me what you think you can do in two thousand and nine and put on paper. And they did that in the regional gets worse and they go through and make sure everything makes sense and then it goes to the management team of the company and request our ship. And what we found over the years because we're getting a lot of feedback from the mayor saying I'll just change all of that is why we not only do that. Well we found as we had signed the original one in the one it's finally put it was very real differences and I changed personality allocators on the bottom line is basically yeah they're pretty much in control of the asset within the confines of about his analysis of procedures they can't go out and repay the property but they get to make their decisions on marketing dollars they get to make their decisions. You know what she would start to get ready to write in which she wants the night and up until recently they chose they've got to choose what the rental rates are we just saw last class A top with that it was revenue management and automated systems so that they do have a bit of control and so that's why the dynamic has changed to where basically you're running a major corporation on your own you're dealing with all the employees on top of all that question question was how long before I think the real estate market turns around. I think it's trying to be up to three years like three but it's going to start trying to move me away from what's going to happen here is if you go back to ninety nine two thousand rallies people made fortunes in the technology sector about say that in the state sector. They're going to get weighted by twenty thirty forty fifty cents on the dollar. And I have the wherewithal to hold onto it until we come out of this in three or so years and it's going to be worth two three times what they want to have so you're going to start to see a turn now for those that do have liquidity and capital to go invest in real estate now they're going to start buying up everything. Aren't we the gentleman who runs my management company now we're having a conversation right before I came here about this subject when I was Warren Buffett I would go by every different housing development in the country because eventually they're promised all good locations and eventually it's going to come back. It has to it's just a matter of how and when do I think it's going to come back to what it was two years ago and now I don't think what was happening. Two years ago made sense. What was happening to our profit from it unraveling. Yeah but I didn't set myself to I'm going to pay a premium for an asset. Just because there's so much cash in the market. I'm not with that but I'll sell my assets in that kind of market and I buy so that you're going to I think it's Christabel that's just my opinion and I think that's what's going to happen but it's different every day is the fear of the question what is what it would allow I do every day it's different every day is the holistic cancer. You know I'm one of these that I'm hands around I deal with management issues I do with operational issues and I'll deal with all of my right off basis. Not that I'm trying to run a piece of it. I'm just trying to give my knowledge back to whoever's dealing with it but I'm not you know I look I'm looking at. Else trying to see if I want to do when I try to find new deals today. I also spend a lot of my time currently with for a three peat and nonprofit organizations like I spend a good bit of my time with apartment associations state local and federal and you know I feel all of those that I do are very important for what is like for a therapy I think it's very important to do and I think everybody should do it. It's part of my crew work and I think the same thing with the apartment associations. If they found out you know I do apartment so she Asians because if I'm not doing you know I'm afraid nobody else is and it's just going to better our industry to do such a thing and I've just got to keep pushing forward and it also sounds kind of bad we think of philanthropy but business comes out of business you know you know I'll be sitting at a charitable events and I say you know I just want you in the real estate business I got this going on. You want to put it up on it happened so you know it's strange how this happens because this happens because the relationships you are dealing with Association or the charity or whatever people see you in that environment Yeah that's got to be just passed by a good guy because he does the stuff and that's not why I do things but it is a byproduct of doing that licensed in Georgia Florida Alabama Mississippi. I'm not sure South Carolina South Carolina. Well I have no words for the idea that look at all. Per square foot on a square footage basis. We have about eight thousand units that goes back to the commercial. Yeah. Right right right. But we're currently looking at number five. But that's another thing you know when I was talking about we have sticking with what you know don't spread yourself too thin. We had two hundred eighty. I think is eighty six units in Plano Texas trying to manage a property from which I have eight hundred miles away and it doesn't work. Now if I had a thousand years there could open up an office is a different story but that's in the real estate racket it's got to be a small world growth when you talk Geographic because you've got to be able to set up some core stuff. Well to do it. It's not every night you know you're there with it's not it's not very different. It's not a lot different downs where you have to do the same similar research to be able to go into new markets right Mississippi we have six hundred units in Mississippi. We were lucky we would never going to say because exactly what you're referring to. So my our system manage their assets there we ended up buying the assets so we knew the markets we knew what was going on. It's the same deal you hear where I mention that we're looking at a fair market and that's Maryland Maryland is very different from. It's part of the south face of the last round I understand it's for the Mason Dixon line but it's operates more like the Northeast. So it's very different and it scares me because I don't operate in the Northeast the dynamics are completely different your customers are different your numbers are different structures are different but your rents are over ten times what they are here so you know there's give and take that's when you got to be big deal. John about it. We you know we've been going for thirty years and we've added on over forty years we've been going up and from the markets. Usually it's fairly professional right in this case the rate is about double and the land cost is about double what we're used to doing right now they're not double you know you to double the land. I operating expenses you're going to end up in L.A. and New York. But is it twenty or thirty percent more than that when our budget we try to keep operating expenses on a per unit basis at about four thousand units or less it just is a lot of it depends on taxes and insurance the rest we can control fairly well. Besides taxes should you have one other thing that really drives your expenses to match or a char. What you have to pay somebody New York City is very different than what you pay me Jackson said because your cost of living so different so those are really the things that drive that. Yes interesting question the question is Where do I see like company ten fifteen years. I see my company doing exactly what it's doing right now. I see us doing that. Basically the same thing right. I believe that we will have about ten thousand units we're dealing with versus eight thousand and then we kind of stay put. Right there and there's a magic to the ten thousand between seventy five hundred about twelve thousand units overhead is about the same as well go to the top and create the efficiencies of doing that but we'll still be doing the same amount of works for us that work for everybody but it works for us. Yeah you tweak it at the time. So what's going on there. We're going to keep no we're doing you know and I just want to we can we are looking at the markets because one of the things in this is one of the reasons we ended up in four different states is if you have all your assets in one geographical area. If that we want to down here in trouble. So we wanted geographic diversity and we continually work with I can't tell you how many times I've been in North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee trying to get into those markets figured out but with the distance with physical distance. I can't have one of my region or is spending a day or two week going to tell. See from one property a gate just it's very inefficient. So you know I go back to what I said earlier if I had a thousand units in any one of those markets or even if I had a thousand units in Dallas Texas about that the Dallas Texas market is where we needed to be and I could have a regional there now law office. I do it. That wouldn't scare me. It's the you know having one here one neighbor and having no control over the assets anybody else.