So they're fast groupies to Devon so we have over there today and the ferocity of the group even so nice to be in your presentation. They said we're going to love it when we've been sitting on our process for the production of a mallet a pipe probably in for use in felde regulated lead acid batteries to some background first very related. Let us a very traditionally more expensive to reduce them flutter that acid batteries due to the high cost of use or glass must separate within them. Therefore we try to lower the cost by finding a different Hill to use in the separator we chose copper pulling due to its low cost as well as its mechanical properties which are suitable for use in the batteries however it has much lower but ability then the A.G.M. Therefore we decided to graft Milligan hundred on to the pipe probably to increase its one ability of a sulfuric acid with in the battery. This is our overall process will die down first. We have are two of the actors which produce twenty thousand kilograms an hour of point providing from the reactors the slurry is fed is he didn't enter into a flash to favor I.C. unreactive probing which is then cooled and recycled back to the reactors some probably is pelletised and sent to storage for either commercial scale the excess or use in our sugar forty kilograms an hour. Essentially sugar and combined with Mike in hybrid N.D.B. ha. Which has a rate of forty kilograms an hour based on average three hundred thirty days for twenty four hours a day and to produce thirty five one hundred meters Q per year of the math separator Inside Edition. I don't think opponents are heated and they ran the graphing reaction occurs in the last barrel did more in a surprise to Favorite the UN reacted like it had read as well as the degraded initiator products this paper is then called in a portion is recycled back to the shooter to. The cost of fresh milk and hydrated the Malaita fight for a billion leaves they sure as a melt pelletised and then can be used to be spun into five years for use in the mad separator. As far as implication of proofing goes is establishing the second phase of this project we're looking for a home with the following characters. We've ever familiar weight of one hundred thousand grams from will not flow rate of four hundred grams for ten minutes in a pot is pretty and makes it to whoever we found in this commercial group reactors produce a poem of a much higher molecular weight as a result of falling kinetic equations or modeled in matlab we manipulate initial concentrations of hydrogen and Co callus for the reaction to Ethel other many to increase the rate at which growing chains were terminated this had a direct influence unlike the rate of a polymer we decided that we want to be able to use both the polymer that we required and also a polymer that can be sold commercially as the majority of our annual production rate would be sold on the market this graph serves to attain polymers with different starting conditions the noting factors also that if we need to preserve any other polymer we can simply manipulate the initial conditions to produce any desired polymer as far as the design of the reactor went the recycle ratio is the first thing we looked at as far as producing it. We found that a minimum recycle ratio of thirty was necessary to maintain C.S.E. our behavior within the reactor as a result we calculated the highest single pass conversion that we could attain from start up although it is steady state on this graph it is shown that has a respective cycle ratio of thirty. The volume of the reactor was sized off of a specific polypropylene production of four hundred kilograms per hour per meter cubed This resulted in a total volume size of forty meters cubed for fifteen years skewed by that and the dimensions of the reactor were based off of heat transfer as you need to maintain a constant temperature within the reactor and over all heat transfer coefficient between the cooling jacket around the reactor and the reactor itself was key in determining the diameter of the reactor the overall he transfer coefficient was deemed to depend on the diameter of the reactor the velocity of the fluid within the reactor and the velocity of the fluid on the exterior the reactor using high velocities. Both fluids we're able to maintain turbulent flow and height heat dissipation in between or it within the fluid The following the overall heat transfer coefficient is found in literature for a diameter of point eight five meters this diameter was used for any further reactor sizing in order to obtain them what ability that we require we Mally added the propylene chain with like a hundred we did this in a twin skirts trigger to attain a weight percent of point six percent of hydrated on the final product. The first portion of the extruder raises the temperature of our reactance two hundred eighty degrees Celsius. This allowed us to decrease the amount of the P.H.A. which is the initiator of it decrease the use of our initiator and which was a very expensive the next portion is where our reaction we assume by reaction actually took place. It's eleven times longer than the beginning fortune and the final portion. If our portion is two hundred thirty degrees Celsius and is heated that high to help separate the products stream to design our exit or we look at mean residents time. Screw speed helix angle length the ratio of length in diameter and the with of the Screws we found these optimal ranges by looking at literature and commercially available extruder and we optimize them to decrease costs in utilities and decrease costs of right. So next we need to remove the unreactive and hydrate integrated G.B.H. say. From the produced million a polypropylene and in our evaluation we assume that deviates a degraded into five compounds was integrated into ethylene which was assumed to pull in rights to form polyethylene the exterior acetone to metal do you know into five dimethyl hexane to five dial. We then looked at three main design schemes our first design scheme included distillation column. We recycle the bottoms product containing the lake and I dried. Next we looked at sin all by products to a waste disposal system and finally our chosen process of condensing the vapor and recycling some portion of that back to the exterior. Our chosen design that uses the last barrel the extruder operate it. Two hundred thirty degrees Celsius to vapor to vaporize unreactive Milliken hydrate integrated deviate say that they perceive is then called in a portion of that is recycled back to make sure we then found the optimum recycle ratio by determining the cost of manufacture versus recycle ratio and their analysis included tradeoffs including feedstock costs waste costs utility costs and the capital cost of a larger exchanger in the end we found our recycle ratio to be about eighty percent on this side we look at the benefits of using eighty percent recycle versus the waste disposal system in both cases we assume two operators for a solid liquid waste process processing our M.H. feedstock costs are reduced by about thirteen thousand dollars per year from twenty thousand dollars a year to about seven thousand three hundred dollars a year waste disposal costs are also reduced to about seventeen thousand six hundred dollars per year about ten thousand dollars per year. One of the trade offs is the increase electricity costs used to heat the reach of the recycle stream in the extrude that would require an extra eight hundred dollars per year. And finally our exterior capital cost increases of about thirteen thousand dollars. Like any industrial facility we are going to have safety concerns the majority of ours are chemical related all of our chemicals used are hydrocarbons and are extremely flammable. We also have again hydride which is closer to your skin long and eyes and then we have our initiator for the plumber zation reaction which ignites spontaneously in air and wrecks of water to form flammable gases to mitigate these concerns we designed our process to have relief elves' that lead to players in case of over over pressurization a valve we designed our storage to have an psychoses. Warning and should have an inert gas covering the reactor species we also have need to have valves that protect other comment like our pumps from back flow and all of our equipment were designed to be fire and explosion proof. We also suggest extensive employee training on the use of these chemicals and advanced hazard and operability analysis in the next for over a week current economic analysis and first here you will see the raw material prices we use the raw material prices were up to and from different sources and most of them have different ranges in the case of the propylene monomer we decided to use the highest cost which is a dollar forty three per kilogram just for worst case scenario analysis in the case of M.A.S.H. we had several sources and we decided to use an average of the price ranges we found for deviate and we only found the last gold price which is about one hundred thirty particular gram from seem all of age. So what with these words we use an estimation equation to determine or estimate the ball price which came out of the air on eleven dollars per kilogram finally in the case of Holyfield billing We did a special no I says to determine the price we will use and this was mainly done because of the high production rate of P.P. of twenty thousand kilograms per hour. What we did was we found the worst case and best case M.P.V. assuming a process life of twenty years and also assuming that excite has said B two B. plus rating for a fifty fifty borrowing to equity relationship as you can see the two worst and best case M.P.'s differ about a billion dollars And again these has to do with the production rate of P.P. what we did was we were giving a benchmark we were giving a benchmark our While forty percent. So what we decided to do was we determine the price of polypropylene that will be required to obtain this benchmark. We also want to point out under previous cases we our previous faces we analyze and thought about blending the Malaita political impel this week. Pelley at building pallets to reduce costs. However if you see here where the F.X. is the way percent of the focal length. You can see it up here P.P. Matt has the lowest learnt raw material costs associated with it and so we base our design our on this case. We also heard on several profitability analysis again soon enough lots of life of twenty years and we don't benchmark our are you. Forty percent. Here you can see that I rely on N.P.V. for the five cases we analyze where P.P.A. refers to just producing and selling polypropylene kind of like a base case. P.P.S. refers to prove to seem polypropylene on side drafting it and selling that extra P.P. and the malleable liberal billing I finally G.S. refers to buying the full you probably from ass I source and grafting it on side the forty four hundred the first two production race we studied so we have a forty kilo gas for our production of Mallya to police. Properly and four hundred kilograms per hour of mallet a pulley probably in production as you can see none of the cases we studied actually meet there are oil quoted per cent and in some cases are negative meaning that the venture is not profitable at all. Additionally for the N.P.V. when you compare these three cases where the P.P. is produced as opposed to just producing Malaita politically. You can see that there is a significant difference in them over twenty years and I guess he has mainly to do with the fact that the police Brooklynese produces such a high rate. We also determine the prices that we would need to sell our May P.P. pellets in order to obtain an M.P.V. of zero and an audio forty percent. Consider the current market price of Mallett of filling these two dollars These prices are relatively high. Lastly we determine the effect of reducing the base of operation. Our initial analysis was based on the assumption that we will operate three hundred thirty days per year. However when you decrease the production days from three thirty to one fifty you can see that the cost of manufacture for both cases decreases and be becomes less negative. This has to do mainly with the fact that a large portion of the cost of manufacture cars from the operators and wages and benefits and the like and so all the R. and B. these are negative for the graft in process is what is actually happening is that to produce one kilogram of M A P P Your cost is actually decreasing when you increase your production rate so going from forty to four hundred kilograms of our produce cost you from. The cost decreases from eight dollars to about three dollars three kilograms. He says mainly to do as you can see in the pipe as with the fact that as you increase the production rate your sales increase relative to your annual cost of manufacture and general expenses a benefit of producing our own Maliana polypropylene we can control the grass to make sure we obtain where our project we were told we are eight point six percent valuation ratio However most of the commercial ones we found a way between point eight to one point two eight percent. However there actually is associated with a higher production rate and these have mainly to do with the higher capital costs and there's also the uncertainty about whether there is that the man for any people in that market. Having seen a economic analysis you may be wondering why more people aren't producing polypropylene well appropriately market is in fact growing and two thousand and eight roughly fifty million tons of play propylene are produced that is expected to increase a perfect twenty percent to sixty two million times by or within five years by two thousand and thirteen. However it is a well established market highly competitive and the current polypropylene producers are building sufficient reactors not only to meet the forecast of the men but to surpass it. That brings to our next point their very volatile prices on one and the main feedstock to building play propylene is propylene as it comes from oil its price is predicted to increase as oil prices continue go up on the other hand as the current supply applied propane is increasing faster than the demand the price appropriately is continuing to drop until a balance is met this means that currently prices are dropping to the point that the Palmer is at times cheaper to buy than the monorail to make it. Furthermore at the scale of design exams annual sales were posted as three point three billion on their website. We are prepared producing for the polypropylene reactors is producing enough polypropylene to sell with an annual sale of roughly three hundred million dollars. This represents roughly nine to ten percent of exiles total sales which is a high risk for the company incorporate therefore we discourage supply prevent production for exit. Family we do encourage looking at the million and probably propylene production process in the producing. In the pipeline in larger quantities or do some number of days of operation and either case we need to optimize the grafting process for these new production rates. We also recommend looking at the bigger they should mechanism of deviate say or finding less expensive initiator in effect side does decide to pursue a pipeline production process we also recommend looking at a less dangerous Co catalyst and try at the aluminum So that concludes our presentation and thank you for your attention. I mean you know it's just really easy. We have basically anything that we did so we decided to send everything the way for total waste costs would be about seventeen thousand six hundred dollars a year and that's assuming a waste of about one hundred forty five dollars per barrel. We'd have about seventy barrels per year produced so if we recycle back we're going to use more RAM age not drastically or cuts our way it's cost about ten thousand dollars. Well if you're a pricing one that really stands out right now. Well I used to be you when you hear a little bit. I love to write a cell phone right now do you make any assumptions on the processing hosts that you know possibility of some sort of human emotions all on the front of that. Well the one we actually use right now this is eleven dollars a kilogram I get that an estimation and actually I mean definitely the most significant cost in terms of raw material at least for the grass you session because every time. Rise but at the same time it's a relatively low production rate of any P.P. for either forty two asked for our four hundred kilograms per hour in salt as a price goes down to like two luxury kilogram which doesn't seem possible since it's relatively expensive and I will not that we will not think he will have a such a big effect on our results. So this is Steve has to be with you in your mission and not. Thank you very much.